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Koro (medicine)
Koro is a culture-specific syndrome in which an individual has an overpowering belief that his or her genitalia are retracting and will disappear, despite the lack of any true longstanding changes to the genitals.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/koro )〕 Koro is also known as shrinking penis, and it is listed in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders''. The syndrome occurs worldwide, and mass hysteria of genital-shrinkage anxiety has a history in Africa, Asia, and Europe. In the United States and Europe, the syndrome is commonly known as ''genital retraction syndrome''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Top 10 Little-Known Mental Disorders )〕 The condition can be diagnosed through psychological assessment along with physical examination to rule out genuine disorders of the genitalia that could be causing true retraction.〔Chowdhury AN. The definition and classification of koro. Cult Med Psychiatry 1996;20:41–65.〕〔Ghanem, H., Glina, S., Assalian, P., & Buvat, J. (2012). Position Paper: Management of Men Complaining of a Small Penis Despite an Actually Normal Size. The Journal of Sexual Medicine.〕
==Classification==
In DSM-IV-TR, koro is listed as one of the entries in the Glossary of Culture-Bound Syndromes of Appendix I. The manual gives koro's definition as "a term, probably of Malaysian origin, that refers to an episode of sudden and intense anxiety that the penis (or, in females, the vulva and nipples) will recede into the body and possibly cause death." Attempts have been made by numerous authors to place koro into different classes. For example, koro may fit into the group of "specific culture-imposed nosophobia" (classification with cardinal sign), "the genital retraction taxon" (classification with common factors between syndromes), and the group with "culture-related beliefs as causes for the occurrence" (classification according to how the syndromes might be affected by cultural factors).
Various authors have attempted to distinguish between complete and incomplete forms of koro, along with cultural and non-cultural forms. Cultural forms are said to involve a cultural belief or myth which plays a role in the genesis and spread of the disease in the community. These are regarded as complete forms of koro, matching all the symptoms required for diagnosis without significant co-morbidity.〔〔 Differentiation into primary koro, a culture-bound expression, and secondary koro. Secondary koro is proposed to have co-morbidity with a CNS disorder, another psychiatric disorder, or possible drug use.〔
Traditional Chinese medicine recognises koro as a sexual disease and classifies it into two categories, namely "cold conglomeration in liver" and "depletion of kidney's yang".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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